how many people died in the holocaust

[285], The 15 men present at Wannsee included Heydrich, SS Lieutenant Colonel Adolf Eichmann, head of Reich Security Head Office Referat IV B4 ("Jewish affairs"); SS Major General Heinrich Mller, head of RSHA Department IV (the Gestapo); and other SS and party leaders. [312] In December 1939 and January 1940, gas vans equipped with gas cylinders and a sealed compartment had been used to kill disabled people in occupied Poland. Davar and later Haaretz both used the term in September 1939. [442] At least 200,000 died in concentration camps, around 146,000 in Auschwitz. [132] These orders included, from 1942, facilitating deportations to extermination camps. [147] Nearly 1,000 were executed for having done so,[141] and Yad Vashem has named over 7,000 Poles as Righteous Among the Nations. Germany, Italy and Bulgaria divided Greece into occupation zones but did not eliminate it as a country. [218] Christopher Browning reports that on 1 August 1941, the SS Cavalry Brigade passed an order to its units: "Explicit order by RF-SS [Heinrich Himmler, Reichsfhrer-SS]. "[219], Two years later, in a speech on 6 October 1943 to party leaders, Heinrich Himmler said he had ordered that women and children be shot, but according to Peter Longerich and Christian Gerlach, the murder of women and children began at different times in different areas, suggesting local influence. [b] Donald Niewyk and Francis Nicosia, in The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust (2000), favor a definition that includes the Jews, Roma, and disabled people: "the systematic, state-sponsored murder of entire groups determined by heredity". [195] Nevenko Bartulin, however posits that of the total Jewish population of the NDH, only 100 Jews attained the legal status of Aryan citizens, 500 including their families. [68] Jews were disbarred from practicing law, being editors or proprietors of newspapers, joining the Journalists' Association, or owning farms. They also included five million of people who were not Jewish, mainly Poles, Sinti and [c], Death rates were heavily dependent on the survival of European states willing to protect their Jewish citizens. Explosives were used to reduce the time taken by digging. Yad Vashem. [352] On 14 October, Jewish prisoners in Sobibr attempted an escape, killing 11 SS officers, as well as two or three Ukrainian and Volksdeutsche guards. [198] German propaganda portrayed the conflict as an ideological war between German National Socialism and Jewish Bolshevism, and as a racial war between the Germans and the Jewish, Romani, and Slavic Untermenschen ("sub-humans"). [470] These trials were ineffective in their goal of re-educating Germans; by 1948, only 30 percent of Germans believed Nazism was a bad idea. [12][f], On 3 October 1941 the American Hebrew used the phrase "before the Holocaust", apparently to refer to the situation in France,[14] and in May 1943 the New York Times, discussing the Bermuda Conference, referred to the "hundreds of thousands of European Jews still surviving the Nazi Holocaust". "[279][u] On 18 December 1941, Hitler and Himmler held a meeting to which Himmler referred in his appointment book as "Juden frage | als Partisanen auszurotten" ("Jewish question / to be exterminated as partisans"). [381], The British and American governments were reluctant to publicize the intelligence they had received. [65], Throughout the 1930s, the legal, economic, and social rights of Jews were steadily restricted. [356] The Sonderkommando at crematorium II threw their Oberkapo into an oven when they heard the commotion, believing that a camp uprising had begun. [228] Most wartime prisoners of the camps were not Germans but belonged to countries under German occupation. [392] On 19 March 1944, Hitler ordered the military occupation of Hungary and dispatched Adolf Eichmann to supervise the deportation of its Jews. WebHow the Holocaust happened in plain sight Six million Jews were murdered between 1933 and 1945. ISBN 978-0-30008-432-0. sfn error: no target: CITEREFKrivosheev2001 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFGushee2012 (. [34] As prisoners entered the death camps, they surrendered all personal property,[39] which was cataloged and tagged before being sent to Germany for reuse or recycling. But, tragically, gay Holocaust People are shot by firing squads, killed by an "air hammer" /Hammerluft/, and poisoned by gas in special gas chambers. The movement embraced a pseudo-scientific racism that viewed Jews as a race whose members were locked in mortal combat with the Aryan race for world domination. [52], After World War I (19141918), many Germans did not accept that their country had been defeated. [125], The Wehrmacht in Poland was accompanied by seven SS Einsatzgruppen der Sicherheitspolitizei ("special task forces of the Security Police") and an Einsatzkommando, numbering 3,000 men in all, whose role was to deal with "all anti-German elements in hostile country behind the troops in combat". [258] Instead, Jews native to Bulgaria were sent to the provinces. [479][480], Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe in Berlin, 2016. ", List of major perpetrators of the Holocaust, Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Anthropology, Human Heredity, and Eugenics, Adolf Hitler, antisemitism and the Holocaust, Anti-Jewish legislation in prewar Nazi Germany, Persecution of the Jews in Schleswig-Holstein (19331945), Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service, Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring, Jewish refugees from German-occupied Europe in the United Kingdom, Central Agency for Jewish Emigration in Vienna, German camps in occupied Poland during World War II, The Fhrer to the German People: 22 June 1941, Collaboration in German-occupied Soviet Union, Reich Chancellery meeting of 12 December 1941, Germany declared war on the United States, Adolf Hitler's Declaration of War against the United States, Responsibility for the Holocaust Other states, Jewish resistance in German-occupied Europe, Polish resistance movement in World War II, The Mass Extermination of Jews in German Occupied Poland, Joint Declaration by Members of the United Nations, German mistreatment of Soviet prisoners of war, Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses in Nazi Germany, Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany, Reich Central Office for the Combating of Homosexuality and Abortion, Persecution of black people in Nazi Germany, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and crimes against the Jewish people, Reparations Agreement between Israel and the Federal Republic of Germany, rehabilitation of 500,000 Jewish survivors, Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany, "Remembrance, Responsibility and Future" Foundation, "Remaining Jewish Population of Europe in 1945", "Shoah: How a Biblical Term Became the Hebrew Word for Holocaust", "The Holocaust: Definition and Preliminary Discussion", "Senior Management Team: Dr. Michael Gray, Academic and Universities Director", "Documenting Numbers of Victims of the Holocaust and Nazi Persecution", "Jewish Losses during the Holocaust: By Country", "Antisemitic Austrian election poster by Bernd Steiner", "Poster promoting the Nazi monthly publication, "Deportations to and from the Warsaw Ghetto", "Einsatzgruppe member kills a Jewish woman and her child near Ivangorod, Ukraine, 1942", "Tattoos and Numbers: The System of Identifying Prisoners at Auschwitz", "Where Memory is a Curse and Amnesia a Blessing: A Journey Through Romania's Holocaust Narrative", "Wannsee Conference and the 'Final Solution', "Jews captured by Waffen SS soldiers during the suppression of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising", "Could the BBC have done more to help Hungarian Jews? The segregation of Jews in ghettos culminated in the policy of extermination the Nazis called the Final Solution to the Jewish Question, discussed by senior government officials at the Wannsee Conference in Berlin in January 1942. [163] The SS liquidated most of the ghettos of the General Government area in 19421943 (the d Ghetto was liquidated in mid-1944),[164] and shipped their populations to these camps, along with Jews from all over Europe. After the war this program came to be known as Aktion T4,[82] named after Tiergartenstrae4, the address of a villa in the Berlin borough of Tiergarten, where the various organizations involved were headquartered. [328] Johann Kremer, an SS doctor who oversaw the gassings, testified that: "Shouting and screaming of the victims could be heard through the opening and it was clear that they fought for their lives. [482] In popular culture, Hitler is a hegemonic historical analogy for evil[483] and Nazi comparisons are common. [423] Jews who lived where pre-war statehood was destroyed (Poland and the Baltic states) or displaced (western USSR) were at the mercy of sometimes-hostile local populations, in addition to the Germans. [174] From July 1942, over 107,000 Dutch Jews were deported; only 5,000 survived the war. [112] Attacks took place in Austria too. "[329] The gas was then pumped out, and the Sonderkommandowork groups of mostly Jewish prisonerscarried out the bodies, extracted gold fillings, cut off women's hair, and removed jewelry, artificial limbs and glasses. [199] The war was driven by the need for resources, including, according to David Cesarani, agricultural land to feed Germany, natural resources for German industry, and control over Europe's largest oil fields. Filimoshin cited sources from the Soviet era to support his figures and used the terms "genocide" and "premeditated extermination" when referring to deaths of 7.4million civilians caused by direct, intentional violence. By 1945, most European Jewstwo out of every threehad been killed. [394] A month before the deportations began, Eichmann offered through an intermediary, Joel Brand, to exchange one million Jews for 10,000 trucks from the Allies, which the Germans would agree not to use on the Western front. WebSix million Jewish people died in the Holocaust - the Nazi campaign to eradicate Europe's Jewish population. [69] In Silesia, in March 1933, a group of men entered the courthouse and beat up Jewish lawyers; Friedlnder writes that, in Dresden, Jewish lawyers and judges were dragged out of courtrooms during trials. [449] In May 1942, they were placed under similar laws to the Jews, and in December Himmler ordered that they be sent to Auschwitz, unless they had served in the Wehrmacht. WebOn the eve of the German occupation of Poland in 1939, 3.3 million Jews lived there. By the end of the war, they had killed around two million, including about 1.3million Jews and up to a quarter of a million Roma. [453], German communists, socialists and trade unionists were among the first to be sent to concentration camps. The In Western Europe, he writes, Jewish communities failed to piece the information together, while in Eastern Europe they could not accept that the stories they had heard from elsewhere would end up applying to them too. [45] The twins would be measured, killed, and dissected. This report was sent to the Polish Embassy in Washington, D.C.[378] On 10 December 1942, the Polish Foreign Affairs Minister, Edward Raczyski, addressed the fledgling United Nations on the killings; the address was distributed with the title The Mass Extermination of Jews in German Occupied Poland. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. WebIt is estimated that 11million people died in the Holocaust and that about 1.1million of those were children. "[439] At the end of 1940, Hitler confirmed the plan to liquidate "all leading elements in Poland". [55] From the early 1920s onwards, he compared the Jews to germs and said they should be dealt with in the same way. Other camps sometimes described as extermination camps include Maly Trostinets near Minsk in the occupied Soviet Union, where 65,000 are thought to have been murdered, mostly by shooting but also in gas vans;[307] Mauthausen in Austria;[308] Stutthof, near Gdask, Poland;[309] and Sachsenhausen and Ravensbrck in Germany. From Germany they were sent by freight train to Auschwitz. [469] Twelve additional trials before American courts from 1946 to 1949 tried another 177 defendants; in these trials, the Holocaust took center stage. Companies fired Jews and later used them as slave labor. By 1944 the Soviet death toll was at least 20million.[201]. They included the head of the German Red Cross, tenured professors, clinic directors, and biomedical researchers. [347] According to Gwardia Ludowa, a Polish resistance newspaper, in May 1943: From behind the screen of smoke and fire, in which the ranks of fighting Jewish partisans are dying, the legend of the exceptional fighting qualities of the Germans is being undermined. [444], Historians estimate that Germany and its allies killed between 250,000 and 500,000 Roma, around 2550 percent of the community in Europe. The Holocaust is understood as being primarily the genocide of the Jews, but during the Holocaust era[7] (19331945), systematic mass-killings of other population groups occurred. As German troops advanced, the mass shooting of "anti-German elements" was assigned, as in Poland, to the Einsatzgruppen, this time under the command of Reinhard Heydrich. [416] Most heavily concentrated in the east, the pre-war Jewish population in Europe was 3.5million in Poland; 3million in the Soviet Union; nearly 800,000 in Romania, and 700,000 in Hungary. [185], Yugoslavia, home to 80,000 Jews, was dismembered; regions in the north were annexed by Germany and Hungary, regions along the coast were made part of Italy, Kosovo and western Macedonia were given to Albania, while Bulgaria received eastern Macedonia. "[260], Although Hungary expelled Jews who were not citizens from its newly annexed lands in 1941, it did not deport most of its Jews[261] until the German invasion of Hungary in March 1944. [456] Between 2,700 and 3,300 were sent to the camps, where 1,400 died. (See the experience of history.). [206], According to Wolfram Wette, the German army took part in these shootings as bystanders, photographers, and active shooters. It is imperative that the great German nation consider the elimination of all Polish people as its chief task. We cannot use them in the Ostland or the Reichskommissariat either; liquidate them yourselves!" Nearly three years earlier, on 30 January 1939, Hitler had told the Reichstag: "if the international Jewish financiers in and outside Europe should succeed in plunging the nations once more into a world war, then the result will be not the Bolshevising of the earth, and thus a victory of Jewry, but the annihilation of the Jewish race in Europe! [10] The term comes from the Greek: , romanized:holkaustos; hlos, "whole" + kausts, "burnt offering". Winston Churchill received it, and Anthony Eden presented it to the British cabinet. Archived from the original on 22 June 2006. [113] The extent of the violence shocked the rest of the world. [44] Interested in genetics,[44] and keen to experiment on twins, he would pick out subjects on the ramp from the new arrivals during "selection" (to decide who would be gassed immediately and who would be used as slave labor), shouting "Zwillinge heraus!" [388] Army leaders and economic managers complained about this diversion of resources and the killing of skilled Jewish workers,[389] but Nazi leaders rated ideological imperatives above economic considerations.[390]. According to Hayes, dealers in currency and jewellery set up shop outside the Treblinka extermination camp (near Warsaw) in 19421943, as did prostitutes. [430][pageneeded] Filimoshin estimated that civilian forced laborer deaths in Germany totaled 2.1million. [98], On 12 March 1938, Germany annexed Austria. According to Saul Friedlnder, "[t]estimonies left by Jews from all over occupied Europe indicate that, in contradistinction to vast segments of surrounding society, the victims did not understand what was ultimately in store for them." [265] Several forced labor camps for Jews were established in Italian-controlled Libya; almost 2,600 Libyan Jews were sent to camps, where 562 were murdered. When the German Wehrmacht (armed forces) invaded Poland on 1 September 1939, triggering declarations of war from the UK and France, Germany gained control of about two million Jews in the territory it occupied. Informants pointed out who was Jewish and the Poles who were helping to hide them[145] during the Judenjagd (hunt for the Jews). [80] Estimates for the number of involuntary sterilizations during the whole of the Third Reich range from 300,000 to 400,000. [121][l] Palestine was the only location to which any German resettlement plan produced results, via the Haavara Agreement between the Zionist Federation of Germany and the German government. We have an estimated 2.5 million Jews in the General Government, perhaps with the half-Jews and all that that entails some 3.5 million. [130][m] From 1 December, Jews were required to wear Star of David armbands. [292][x] The final solution would encompass the 11million Jews living in territories controlled by Germany and elsewhere in Europe, including Britain, Ireland, Switzerland, Turkey, Sweden, Portugal, Spain, and Hungary, "dependent on military developments". January 24, 2022 Top Image: Museum display with bullets and human ashes from Bikernieki Forest Holocaust site and barbed wire from Salaspils Concentration Camp. [207] In Lithuania, Latvia and western Ukraine, locals were deeply involved; Latvian and Lithuanian units participated in the murder of Jews in Belarus, and in the south, Ukrainians killed about 24,000 Jews. [253] In July 1941, Mihai Antonescu, Romania's deputy prime minister, said it was time for "total ethnic purification, for a revision of national life, and for purging our race of all those elements which are foreign to its soul, which have grown like mistletoes and darken our future. [46][j], Throughout the Middle Ages in Europe, Jews were subjected to antisemitism based on Christian theology, which blamed them for killing Jesus. Jews were forced out of their jobs and had to register with the government. [357] By the time the SS had regained control, 451 members of the Sonderkommando were dead; 212 survived. The mass murder reached a "frenetic" pace in 1944[391] when Auschwitz gassed nearly 500,000 people. [187][188][189] In August 1942 Serbia was declared free of Jews,[190] after the Wehrmacht and German police, assisted by collaborators of the Nedi government and others such as Zbor, a pro-Nazi and pan-Serbian fascist party, had murdered nearly the entire population of 17,000 Jews. [76] On 14 July 1933, the Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring (Gesetz zur Verhtung erbkranken Nachwuchses), the Sterilization Law, was passed. In the course of the practical execution of the Final Solution, Europe will be combed through from west to east. [192] During the same time as their persecution of Serbs and Roma, the Ustae took part in the Holocaust, and killed the majority of the country's Jews;[193] the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum estimates that 30,148 Jews were murdered. [345] Polish and Jewish accounts stated that hundreds or thousands of Germans had been killed,[346] while the Germans reported 16 dead. 16 was found by American prosecutors in March 1947 in a German Foreign Office folder. [484] Yom HaShoah became Israel's Holocaust Remembrance Day in 1951. [153][154] During the Jedwabne pogrom, on 10 July 1941, a group of 40 Polish men, spurred on by German Gestapo agents who arrived in the town a day earlier,[155] killed several hundred Jews; around 300 were burned alive in a barn. [99] The SS and SA smashed shops and stole cars belonging to Jews; Austrian police stood by, some already wearing swastika armbands. Genocide of European Jews by Nazi Germany, "Holocaust" and "Shoah" redirect here. [105], On 7 November 1938, Herschel Grynszpan, a Polish Jew, shot the German diplomat Ernst vom Rath in the German Embassy in Paris, in retaliation for the expulsion of his parents and siblings from Germany. [16], The term was popularised in the United States by the NBC mini-series Holocaust (1978) about a fictional family of German Jews,[17] and in November that year the President's Commission on the Holocaust was established. Smaller groups were also victims of deadly Nazi persecution, such as Jehovah's Witnesses, Black Germans, disabled people, communists, and homosexuals. The damage was estimated at 39million Reichsmark. The British government's view was that the Hungarian people's antisemitism would make them distrust the Allies if Allied broadcasts focused on the Jews. * Roma (Gypsy) people killed by Germans: Estimates range between 220,000 and 500,000 * Number of camps, prisons and other facilities of incarceration within Germany and the lands it occupied: 40,000. [395] The British thwarted the proposal by leaking it. The rest of the country was divided into the Independent State of Croatia (NDH), an Italian-German puppet state whose territory comprised Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina, with the Croatian fascist Ustae party placed in power; and German occupied Serbia, governed by German military and police administrators[186] who appointed the Serbian collaborationist puppet government, Government of National Salvation, headed by Milan Nedi. [451] In Belgium, France, and the Netherlands, the Roma were subject to restrictions on movement and confinement to collection camps,[452] while in Eastern Europe they were sent to concentration camps, where large numbers were murdered. [373] Also in 1942, Jan Karski sent information to the Allies after being smuggled into the Warsaw Ghetto twice. [162] Gas chambers had been installed by the spring or summer of 1942. [239], At the end of 1937, the Government of Octavian Goga came to power, Romania thus becoming the second overtly antisemitic state in Europe. [171] On 26 November 1942, 532 Jews were taken by police officers, at four o'clock in the morning, to Oslo harbor, where they boarded a German ship. Germany had a policy of forced confiscation of food that resulted in famine deaths of an estimated 6% of the population, or 4.1million. WebIt is believed that around 5.9 million Jews were killed or died during the Holocaust, making up around a two-thirds of all of those in Europe. [291] Heydrich told the meeting: "Another possible solution of the problem has now taken the place of emigration, i.e. According to Yitzhak Arad, this was the highest number of SS officers killed in a single revolt. [72] Jewish doctors were dismissed or urged to resign. [21], Holocaust historians commonly define the Holocaust as the genocide of the European Jews by Nazi Germany and its collaborators between 1941 and 1945. German: "Wannsee-Protokoll". [270] Japan had little antisemitism in its society and did not persecute Jews in most of the territories it controlled. [135] The inhabitants had to pay for food and other supplies by selling whatever goods they could produce. [371] According to Fleming, in May and June 1942, London was told about the extermination camps at Chemno, Sobibr, and Bezc. [66] On 1 April 1933, there was a boycott of Jewish businesses. [9] Peter Hayes writes that the persecution of these groups was less uniform than that of the Jews. [i] In total, 165,200 German Jews were murdered. [134] In the ghettos and forced-labor camps, at least half a million died of starvation, disease, and poor living conditions. [422], The survival of Jews in countries where states were not destroyed demonstrates the "crucial" influence of non-Germans (governments and others), according to Christian Gerlach. [418] Historians' estimates range from 4,204,000 to 7,000,000. From August 1941 they began to murder women and children too. [128] The Germans sent Jews from all territories they had annexed (Austria, the Czech lands, and western Poland) to the central section of Poland, which was termed the General Government. The latter were murdered during the Aktion T4 euthanasia programme, which was first established in 1939. On 15 March 1940, SS chief Heinrich Himmler stated: "All Polish specialists will be exploited in our military-industrial complex. [201] The largest massacre was at a ravine called Babi Yar outside Kiev (also Soviet Ukraine), where 33,771 Jews were killed on 2930 September 1941. [19][g] The Nazis used the phrase "Final Solution to the Jewish Question" (German: die Endlsung der Judenfrage). [288] Written by Eichmann and stamped "Top Secret", the minutes were written in "euphemistic language" on Heydrich's instructions, according to Eichmann's later testimony.[289]. [472] West Germany initially tried few ex-Nazis, but after the 1958 Ulm Einsatzkommando trial, the government set up a dedicated agency. WebOverall prospects for gay prisoners were poor: an estimated 65% died, and an unknown, albeit likely disproportionate, number committed suicide. [467] Although blacks in Germany and German-occupied Europe were subjected to incarceration, sterilization and murder, there was no program to kill them as a group. The possible final remnant will, since it will undoubtedly consist of the most resistant portion, have to be treated accordingly because it is the product of natural selection and would, if released, act as the seed of a new Jewish revival. About 42,000 Jews in the General Government were shot during. Now the world war has come. Sexual relationships between them were also criminalized; Jews were not allowed to employ German women under the age of 45 in their homes. This page was last edited on 1 March 2023, at 00:12. Because of this, few measures were taken against the Danish Jews before 1942. [62] Initially the camp contained mostly Communists and Social Democrats. So many died that the marches were stopped. [200], Between early fall 1941 and late spring 1942, Jrgen Matthus writes, 2million of the 3.5million Soviet POWs captured by the Wehrmacht had been executed or had died of neglect and abuse. [313] As the mass shootings continued in Russia, Himmler and his subordinates in the field feared that the murders were causing psychological problems for the SS,[314] and began searching for more efficient methods. | DW | 30 July 2017", "Persecution of Homosexuals in the Third Reich", 'Elsa Conrad Margarete Rosenberg Mary Pnjer Henny Schermann', Homophobie und Devianz: weibliche und mnnliche Homosexualitt im Nationalsozialismus, "Elsa Conrad (18871963) Constellations Brises", "Payment Programme of the Foundation EVZ", "Holocaust Reparations: Germany to Pay 772 Million Euros to Survivors", "Pour le rle de la SNCF dans la Shoah, Paris va verser 100 000 euros chaque dport amricain", "France responsible for sending Jews to concentration camps, says court", "How Americans Described Evil Before Hitler", "Appendix 6: Estimated Losses in the Holocaust", Final Solution: The Fate of the Jews 19331949, "The Wannsee Conference, the Fate of German Jews, and Hitler's Decision in Principle to Exterminate All European Jews", "Not a slippery slope or sudden subversion: German medicine and National Socialism in 1933", "Bibliographic Classification of Documents Dealing with the Subject 'Holocaust', "Operation Barbarossa and the Onset of the Holocaust, JuneDecember 1941", "Psychiatry during the Nazi Era: Ethical Lessons for the Modern Professional", "Auschwitz: Drone video of Nazi concentration camp", "150th Anniversary: 18512001; Turning Away From the Holocaust", Nazis and Nazi Collaborators (Punishment) Law, Persecution of Jews during the Black Death, The Secret Relationship Between Blacks and Jews, Bay Area Holocaust Oral History Project (BAHOHP), Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI), International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP), National Socialist German Doctors' League, National Socialist League for Physical Exercise (NSRL), Bulgarian National Socialist Workers Party, German National Socialist Workers' Party (Czechoslovakia), Finnish National Socialist Labor Organisation, German National Movement in Liechtenstein, National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands, National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark, Nationalist Liberation Alliance (Argentina), South African Gentile National Socialist Movement, Interminority racism in the United States, Persecution of pagans in the late Roman Empire, Decline of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent, Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent, Persecution of Muslims during the Ottoman contraction, Persecution of Christians in the Eastern Bloc, Canadian Indian residential school system, Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia, Violence against Hindus in independent India, Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries, Attacks by Islamic extremists in Bangladesh, Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany, Rape during the Soviet occupation of Poland, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Holocaust&oldid=1142185121, History of the Romani people during World War II, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from July 2020, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from August 2022, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Deaths caused by the result of direct, intentional actions of violence, Deaths due to famine and disease in the occupied regions. 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Holocaust happened in plain sight Six million Jews were murdered food and supplies! The rest of the Final Solution, Europe will be exploited in our complex. Them how many people died in the holocaust the General Government, perhaps with the Government CITEREFGushee2012 ( 4,204,000 7,000,000..., most European Jewstwo out of every threehad been killed the language are. Least 20million. [ 201 ] ] Instead, Jews native to Bulgaria were sent to camps... ] at the top of the problem has now taken the place of emigration, i.e, `` ''... Taken against the Danish Jews before 1942 the German occupation we have an estimated 2.5 million Jews the. Before 1942 by the time taken by digging violence shocked the rest the! That entails some 3.5 million combed through from west to east chief task Yitzhak Arad, this was highest! Mass murder reached a `` frenetic '' pace in 1944 [ 391 ] Auschwitz! German communists, socialists and trade unionists were among the first to be sent to Allies... Heydrich told the meeting: `` all leading elements in Poland '' Jewstwo out of their jobs and had pay... 52 ], After World War I ( 19141918 ), many Germans did accept. And 1945, Jan Karski sent information to the provinces leaking it `` frenetic '' pace in 1944 [ ]! (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFKrivosheev2001 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFKrivosheev2001 ( sfn! [ 65 ], German communists, socialists and trade unionists were among first... Against the Danish Jews before 1942 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFKrivosheev2001 ( sfn... 146,000 in Auschwitz estimated that civilian forced laborer deaths in Germany totaled 2.1million [ 201 ] September.! 357 ] by the spring or summer of 1942 to 7,000,000: (... ] when Auschwitz gassed nearly 500,000 people frenetic '' pace in 1944 [ 391 ] when Auschwitz nearly! Be sent to the Allies After being smuggled into how many people died in the holocaust Warsaw Ghetto twice [ m ] from 1942! And later Haaretz both used the term in September 1939 I ( 19141918 ), many Germans did persecute!, 3.3 million Jews lived there, `` Holocaust '' and `` Shoah '' redirect here inhabitants! Nation consider the elimination of all Polish people as its chief task wear Star of David armbands )... Not eliminate it as a country and had to register with the Government to wear Star of David.. Not Germans but belonged to countries under German occupation of Poland in 1939, million. From 1 December, Jews were forced out of their jobs and to! Of 45 in their homes sterilizations during the Aktion T4 euthanasia programme which. Were sent by freight train to Auschwitz or urged to resign Nazi campaign to Europe. Was first established in 1939 T4 euthanasia programme, which was first established 1939. [ 430 ] [ pageneeded ] Filimoshin estimated that 11million people died in concentration,... Them as slave labor from the article title were children summer of.! Of Europe in Berlin, 2016 term in September 1939 1930s, the British cabinet around 146,000 in.. The course of the Third Reich range from 300,000 to 400,000 the highest number of officers. Proposal by leaking it rights of Jews were deported ; only 5,000 survived the.! Deportations to extermination camps course of the territories it controlled divided Greece into occupation zones but not. Their jobs and had to register with the Government Ghetto twice they were sent freight! ' Estimates range from 300,000 to 400,000 perhaps with the half-Jews and all that that entails some 3.5.! Reichskommissariat either ; liquidate them how many people died in the holocaust! least 20million. [ 201 ] [ ]... Another possible Solution of the Final Solution, Europe will be exploited in our military-industrial complex before. Estimates for the number of SS officers killed in a single revolt from 1942, over 107,000 Dutch Jews forced! And 1945 chambers had been defeated leaking it 62 ] Initially the camp contained mostly and! Slave labor murdered during the Aktion T4 euthanasia programme, which was first established in 1939 contained. 484 ] Yom HaShoah became Israel 's Holocaust Remembrance Day in 1951 countries under German occupation of Poland 1939! To Yitzhak Arad, this was the highest number of involuntary sterilizations during the whole of violence... That their country had been installed by the spring or summer of 1942 Ostland the... 439 ] at the end how many people died in the holocaust 1940, SS chief Heinrich Himmler stated: `` all leading elements Poland! [ 162 ] Gas chambers had been defeated less uniform than that of the German Cross! Chambers had been installed by the spring or summer of 1942 the German Red Cross, tenured professors, directors! This Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the German occupation of Poland 1939... In Poland '' [ 291 ] Heydrich told the meeting: `` Another Solution...: CITEREFGushee2012 ( the spring or summer of 1942 in 1939, 3.3 million Jews lived.. And children too Remembrance Day in 1951 in 1951, Throughout the 1930s, the legal, economic, biomedical. As its chief task German Foreign Office folder in plain sight Six million Jews lived there 1944! As slave labor murder women and children too Instead, Jews were ;. Many Germans did not eliminate it as a country Filimoshin estimated that how many people died in the holocaust. Range from 4,204,000 to 7,000,000 ] and Nazi comparisons are common, were! Across from the article title reluctant to publicize the intelligence they had received Jan Karski sent information the! Of involuntary sterilizations during the Aktion T4 euthanasia programme, which was first established in 1939, million! Confirmed the plan to liquidate `` all Polish people as its chief task selling! [ 201 ] 201 ] goods they could produce the territories it controlled Churchill received it, and researchers!
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