Neo-Conservative Propaganda as History, Informers and the Transition in Northern Ireland, Triangle of Betrayal: Collaborators and Transitional Justice in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, Underground Penalty: The IRAs Punishment of Informers, DUP Concern Over Ex-Agents After BBC IRA-Supergrass Probe, Agents and Ambushes: Britains Dirty War in Northern Ireland, Former Intelligence Agent Kevin Fulton, Who Was Born in Newry but Now Lives Somewhere in the UK, Is in Hiding from the IRA and Suing the British Government for a Severance Package. C.V. Starr & Co. involvement in organized criminal activities, such as extortion, bank robbery, smuggling, and counterfeiting. Dudai, Underground Penality, 381384; Dudai, Informers, 378385. Volunteers must not engage in any other activities whatsoever. July 7, 1972: Unsuccessful secret peace talks take place between the IRA and British government in Chelseas Cheyne Walk, the first meeting of the two groups since 1921. Press J to jump to the feed. He claims to have set-up weapons seizures and arrests.80 OCallaghan later served a prison sentence after confessing previous IRA activities, but he received a royal pardon in 1997. Registered in England & Wales No. Its unlikely to be in our lifetime though. Reacting to accusations by the British and Irish governments that it was involved in a December 2004 Belfast bank robbery, the IRA withdrew its disarmament offer in February 2005, but reinstated it in July 2005. But in exchange for its independence, the old IRAs leadership agreed to allow Irelands six northern counties to remain under British rule. suggest the IRA was significantly infiltrated, which alongside other political factors helped force Republicans into peace.17 Research by Hennessey, OKane, Moran, Dingley, Kirk-Smith amongst others concur.18 Edwards also implies the IRA were pressurised into peace because of a secret defeat. They share the past and contemporary political concerns of their supporters about reconciling with celebrity informers who continue opposing Sinn Fin.79, Gilmour was no exception. Morrison stated: Some were caught and compromised Most informed not out of principle, contrary to what Sean OCallaghans book might suggest.86 Republicans believe celebrity informers exaggerate ideological motives to challenge Republicanism still, and to gain financial reward. Some self-confessed informers allege the state has not fulfilled its obligations. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers. The band pulled out of a St. Patrick's Day concert in New York City in 1982 because they realized it might be affiliated with Bobby Sands, an IRA member who had died in jail the previous year . 17. A freedom fighter is "a person who takes part in a resistance movement a. Breen, The Son, Belfast Telegraph, 4 November 2016. In April 2011, former members of the Provisional IRA announced a resumption of hostilities, and that "they had now taken on the mantle of the mainstream IRA". 4.99 1916 Easter Rising GPO Badge . 87. by Richard Haass Some similar and other contrasting factors explain why, particularly contemporary political and reputational concerns. The Men Will Talk to Me (Ernie O'Malley series Kerry): Interviews from Ireland's Fight for Independence. The former group became the core of the official Irish Free State Army, and the latter group, known as Irregulars, began to organize armed resistance against the new independent government. Omissions? The Provisional Irish Republican Army. If procedures were not followed, apologies could occur in part to sustain community support. The IRAs activities against the British during World War II severely embarrassed the Irish government, which remained neutral. OCallaghan believed all but one of the supergrasses was motivated by selfish interests.144 Army agent Carlin sees distinctions too: An informer turns on their comrades like Denis Donaldson I was not betraying my cause.145 Various motives and perspectives on informing by those accused and self-confessed creates different views on how to deal with legacy. In contrast, remorseful informers or those who deny informing rely on Irish Republicanism almost exclusively to address their grievances. 1997. Their accounts are often characterized by an over-privileging of their heroic agency and do not include references to coercive recruitment that has been a feature of most informer careers.152. Donaldson went into hiding. 116. 129. Britain reconstituted these provinces as Ulster or Northern Ireland, and inside the IRA, significant elements rejected this partition and launched a civil war ultimately won by the pro-treaty Irish forces**. Hopkins is right: there has been reluctance at times from Republican leaders to reassess informers roles in the conflict. Carlin was subsequently rehoused, given a new identity and funds.134 Kevin Fulton is a self-confessed British Army agent who infiltrated the IRA. Northern Ireland is not unique with its haphazard way of approaching informers legacy. The conflict lasted two decades and spanned four U.S. presidencies, becoming the longest war in American history. Who gives a damn about irish/English conflicts if you are both looking forward to becoming colonies of Pakistan? He suggests the IRA leadership and upper echelons were not infiltrated to any great extent, and explains why they were not significantly assisted by agents in convincing most Republicans towards peace.21 It is important to note other authors before and after Leahy have argued the conflict ended in a stalemate too. 148. The Irish people will only be free, when they own everything from the plough to the stars. which was a key participant during the 1969-1998 Troubles in Northern Ireland. Since their inception as partisan freedom force in 1919 and as a radical terrorist cell in 1969, the IRA has always made excellent use of propaganda . 1. The case eventually collapsed. For my teachers in the 1970s and '80s, "West Brit" was the worst term of abuse in an Irish-speaking school. Both engage with certain cases, whilst overlooking others. They wanted relatives names cleared. Links between Gaddafi and the IRA re-emerged in 1986 after Gaddafi's adopted daughter was killed along with more than 100 other people by US bombing raids launched from UK bases. 113. However, the state can cast doubt on such claims by not responding. The Royal Ulster Constabulary has been disbanded, Loyalist groups largely have laid down their arms, and most British troops have left the province. The British rigged elections, deliberately targeted Irish people and let Unionist Terrorists walk free, and they did massacres far deadlier than the IRA. Loose Talk Can be Fatal, An Phoblacht, 25 January 1974, p.4. But even before the deal was signed . Ardoyne Commemoration Project, Ardoyne, 364367. They pose a serious threat to collective social values and Republican conflict narratives. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Irish-Republican-Army, Ohio State University - Origins - The Provisional Irish Republican Army, Council on Foreign Relations - Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) (aka, PIRA, "the provos," glaigh na hireann) (UK separatists), Irish Republican Army - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Irish Republican Army - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), IRA splinter group claims responsibility for police shooting, IRA dissidents suspected of shooting N Ireland detective. There is little political appetite to discuss informer legacy cases collectively, some of which might expose state spycraft, secrets and past alleged ethically dubious actions. * Editors Note: A previous version of this article erroneously listed the IRA as having been removed from the State Departments list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations in 2000. February 13, 2023 May 25, 2022, Article 53. Back to Design. And that makes you entitled to use the name mostly associated with a rather vicious Irish terrorist group, who carried out countless bombings, killing and injuring hundreds or even thousands in total, including an attempt to kill the British prime minister at the time. In July 2006, the British and Irish governments indicated that they believed that the IRA had ceased all centrally organized criminal activities, and subsequent reports indicate that the IRA is continuing to take steps to wind down, and even oppose, its paramilitary operations stemming from its splinter groups. Some alleged informers received IRA amnesties claiming they were coerced into spying. But Darcy explains the Court accepted the States argument that meeting the applicants demands would have serious consequences for its intelligence-gathering capabilities and priority to protect informer identities.118 Neither confirming nor denying this case assists Republican narratives about Stakeknifes and the states immorality. As a volunteer organisation against state forces, Unionists, Loyalists and other Irish Nationalist political parties, the support of [Republican] communities could not have been taken for granted. Sean OCallaghan was an IRA volunteer from Kerry in the 1970s. The Irish Republican Army has kept every commitment made by its leadership. Irish history is littered with tragic love stories . These cases do not counter Republican conflict narratives, and do not threaten Sinn Fins current vote. The organization consequently split into two factions, one (under Collinss leadership) supporting the treaty and the other (under Eamon de Valera) opposing it. It was estimated that, between 1969 and 1994, the IRA killed about 1,800 people, including approximately 600 civilians. What you mean when they kill children that havent done anything to them? For Cohen, stigmatising deviants is primarily about powerful political actors maintaining social and political control. They tend not to involve victims or survivors questioning Sinn Fins contemporary political actions. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. they were by no means the good guys, they were absolute scum. In 2006, Nuala OLoan, former Police Ombudsman for Northern Ireland, took the unusual step of confirming evidence showing McConville was not an informer. Corrections? ", Provisional Irish Republican Army, Council on Foreign Relations, Bloody Sunday: What happened in Northern Ireland in 1972 and what is the Saville Inquiry?, Evening Standard, https://www.history.com/topics/21st-century/irish-republican-army. Ibid., 384385; However, some republicans want an apology for those Stakeknife killed. but failed to act on the logic of that action," he said. On occasions, exile orders and amnesties were issued. In Ireland, the five-pointed socialist star makes it first appearance with the Republican Congress. Willie Deasy, left, was one of six young I . Townshend, Charles, 'The Irish Republican Army and the Development of Guerrilla Warfare 191621', This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 21:52. The 1916-1921 warfare culminated in the creation of an independent Irish Free State in 1921. This marks the deadliest year of the long-running conflict, with nearly 500 casualties, more than half of them civilians. Current evidence suggests there will not willingly be full disclosure by any side on this issue in Northern Ireland. The IRA became adept at raising money in Northern Ireland through extortion, racketeering, and other illegal activities, and it policed its own community through punishment beatings and mock trials. These tensions split the IRA, too, which in 1969, the IRA splintered into two groups, the Dublin-based "officials," who advocated a united socialist Ireland by peaceful means, and the Belfast-based "provisionals," who vowed to use violence as a catalyst for unification. Showing 1 - 24 of 100 products. The UK state ostensibly claimed to be defending law and order against paramilitaries. Permission is granted subject to the terms of the License under which the work was published. These could demonstrate elements of the state responding to pressure from certain ex-employees to remedy alleged unethical practises. During and after the conflict, the IRA believed most informers are usually acting under severe psychological duress and would seek amnesties.99 For these and other reasons, mainstream Republicans continue engaging with some people who allege they were coerced informers. It is tricky for Republicans because only state archives can reveal if someone informed. Republican leaders cannot risk ignoring this hostility. In September 2019, the media claimed a police investigation said the assassination attempt on McGartland was not addressed properly.127 Some former British security force members agree particular informers should be protected. In addition, the families involved did not speak out against the IRA. At the same time, without ultimate knowledge about who was actually informing, Republicans are reliant on treating suspected informer legacy cases on an individualised basis. When the IRA did bombings, they'd do phonecalls and tell people "Don't go there, we're bombing it." The IRA interrogated him for setting-up arrests. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. For Aldrich and Cormac, ambiguity and implausible deniability allow the construction of powerful narratives.42 Building on these authors ideas, we outline how the UK state has ultimate control over secrecy and revelations surrounding IRA informers. There is not a normative position emerging from the existing literature. Leahy concludes: British intelligence did not win the intelligence war the conflict ended in a stalemate. Allegations surrounding UK security services role in the killing let to an inquiry. The Loyalists were well, a lot of fucked up shit happened. 115. RUC SB were supposed to be at the centre of informant recruitment, information gathering and dissemination. A year after Russias invasion, Ukraine is suffering a catastrophic humanitarian crisis. Nonetheless, Cohen and Dudai outline similarities including blackmail, revenge and ideology.57 The mixture of motives in Palestine and subsequent justifications for informing also shows informers will struggle to agree on a specific form of reconciliation. The more detailed the accounts surrounding alleged or self-confessed informers, the more painful the truth would likely be for all sides. 146. McIntyre is the author of Good Friday: The Death of Irish Republicanism (2008). 100. They do not focus on evaluating the effectiveness of the intelligence war against the IRA in comprehensive detail, since this was not their purpose.22. The British Army falsely called the victims gunmen and bombersa report finalized in 2010 found none of the dead were threats. The Bishopsgate bombing occurred on 24 April 1993, when the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) detonated a truck bomb in London's financial district in Bishopsgate, city of London, England. McDonald, Sean OCallaghan, The Guardian, 29 August 2017; OCallaghan, The Informer. Grele, Movement Without Aim, 4041; Lummis, Structure, 274275; Portelli, The Death of Luigi, 119. Fiona Mitchell of Dublin's RTE Radio joins Neal . During the strike, he is elected to a vacant seat in British Parliament, but dies May 5. This announcement was greeted with praise and hope by both the British and Irish governments. Adams, who acted as the public face of the IRA (Irish Republican Army) for much of its three-decade guerrilla war against British rule in Northern Ireland, said Thatcher's Irish policy failed miserably and delayed the achivement of peace in 1998. . Rate this book. With no clear winner, no dominant conflict narrative emerges. Further revelations came in 2005. But the various agencies involved also resulted at times from distrust between intelligence agencies.4. Sporadic incidents occurred during the 1950s and early 60s, but lack of active support by Catholics in Northern Ireland rendered such efforts futile. I'll just ask my Granddad. "All IRA units have been ordered to dump arms, the group says in a statement. The Provisional Irish Republican Army, or IRA, was the best known of the conflict's paramilitary groups. Aug. 31, 1994: After months of secret talks, and 25 years of bombings and shootings, the IRA announces an historic ceasefire with a complete cessation of military operations.. The threat posed by folk devils is exaggerated. These difficulties with informers legacy are not unique to Northern Ireland. Yet the British government doesn't say shit about it because it would've went against their narrative. by Ireland $22 . But critics say Thatcher's hard line against the IRA delayed progress. While we cannot verify why someone informed, available evidence suggests multiple motives.146 Taylor and Snow investigated factors motivating some Americans to inform for the Soviets. Two former RUC officers confirmed Fulton prevented various IRA activities.135 Another rare exception involves the McConville case. Bell, J. Bower, The Secret Army. He was born in 1895 in Blackrock, County Cork raised Catholic. The IRA could maintain its justifications for killing suspected informers as part of its campaign against British rule, whilst apologising for burying some in unmarked graves. An independent state was created in the islands predominantly Catholic south, with its capital in Dublin; a smaller, northern district called Ulster, with a Protestant majority, remained part of the United Kingdom. Military experience gained from fighting in Syrias civil war and decades of clashes with Israel have made the Iran-backed group stronger than ever, but the biggest threat it faces may be upheaval in its own backyard. There remains a threat to informers too. 10. From 1969 until 1997, the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) conducted an armed paramilitary campaign primarily in Northern Ireland and England, aimed at ending British rule in Northern Ireland in order to create a united Ireland. Please contact the moderators of this subreddit if you have any questions or concerns. Anthony Braniffs family received a similar apology. Founded in 1934 by former, Marxist-leaning members of the Irish Republican Army and Sinn Fin, the organisation attempted to revive the Irish Citizen Army (ICA), a workers' militia which had disappeared at the end of the 1922-23 Civil War. When it comes to celebrity informers, Republican leaders believe they are still attempting to damage Sinn Fin. Or when they kill people in a foreign country that again havent done anything to them? There is an acceptance of state intelligences covert role within UK mainland society, and subsequently state power and secrecy.157. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The Guardian, UKs Troubles amnesty plan goes further than Pinochets, study says, 7 September 2021. All Rights Reserved. Mainstream Republicans, however, can argue state secrecy made unearthing Stakeknife difficult. Those who 'recklessly expose civilians to the risk of death and injury when they placed their bombs' were blemishing the reputation of 'the real I.R.A. In their version, IRA combatants were soldiers fighting to expel the British from the island. Also known internationally as the Northern Ireland conflict, it is sometimes described as an "irregular war" or "low-level war". 81. 48. We have had 30-odd years of terrorism in our own country from the Irish Republican Army. Register to receive personalised research and resources by email. IRA Investigation Locates Grave Sites, An Phoblacht, 1 April 1999; Who Were the Disappeared?, BBC News Online, 4 June 2019. A few reasons can account for these exceptions. Various sources claim Stakeknife, the alleged British agent operating within the IRAs internal security apparatus, interrogated and killed alleged IRA informers and civilians. Part of HuffPost News. On rare occasions, the state recognises strategic and political value in revealing information to support its conflict narrative. Dudais suggestion of the IRAs varied response to informers during the conflict can be applied to the post-conflict period. Established in 1919 to halt British rule in Northern Ireland using armed forces, the Irish Republican Army, or IRA, fought for independence and a reunified republicoften in tandem with, but independent of, the Irish nationalist party, Sinn Fein. The British rigged elections, deliberately targeted Irish people and let Unionist Terrorists walk free, and they did massacres far deadlier than the IRA. He suggests reasons for this stance include Republican leaders trying to maintain Republican group cohesion against dissenters (those against the peace process), with the latter viewing some informer revelations (such as the Donaldson case) as evidence for leadership duplicity during the peace process.35 But this view does not fully account for why Republican leaders engage with other alleged informer legacy cases. 103. with James M. Lindsay and Michelle Gavin 7. Still Missing, The Disappeared of Northern Ireland. But I disagree that the British government just let Loyalist terrorists go free. Darcy believes this ambivalence of international humanitarian law is deliberate as it allows parties to an armed conflict to make use of an enemys personnel or population. Bodies Found, The Disappeared of Northern Ireland; Body is that of Disappeared Victim, BBC News Online, 20 October 2003; IRA investigation locates grave sites, An Phoblacht, 1 April 1999; Leahy, Intelligence War, 1213, 8384. 70. [3] For the IRA, that has often been the case. The Provisional Irish Republican Army was born in December 1969 when the Dublin-based republican movement split into two factions, ostensibly over the traditional republican policy of abstensionism with regard to the Belfast, Dublin and London parliaments, but more consequentially over the issue of whether to pursue an offensive campaign in light of the arrival of the British army in Northern . They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. You are also agreeing to our. Morrison, No 10s murderer, 30 January 2016. Their need to maintain local legitimacy and an identification with the local community severely inhibited IRA actions.75 As Leahy argues elsewhere, intergenerational memory, contemporary political agendas and community recollections of the conflict are crucial in influencing how all conflict belligerents approach legacy cases.76 Consequently, Republican community perceptions of different informers in the past and present affect Sinn Fins response. For the IRA, see for detailed studies by Edwards, Agents of Influence; Matchett, Secret Victory; Leahy, Intelligence War; Frampton, Agents and Ambushes; Taylor, Provos; Harkin and Ingram, Stakeknife. It is possible to be both a freedom fighter and a terrorist, or to be one but not the other. Moloney, Secret History, 336, 574582. The state also recognises accusations of neglect by celebrity agents, who actually supported the states campaign against the IRA, risks deterring future informers. The longevity of Republican campaigns against British rule has simply produced longer-term hostility towards informers.52. Our article supports this view. Today, the IRAs political wing, Sinn Fein, which means "Ourselves Alone" in the Gaelic language, holds various positions within the provincial Northern Irish government. 94. Irish Republican Army (IRA), also called Provisional Irish Republican Army, republican paramilitary organization seeking the establishment of a republic, the end of British rule in Northern Ireland, and the reunification of Ireland. For McConville see Leahy, Intelligence War, 1213, 8384; for McVeigh see Still Missing: Columba McVeigh The Disappeared of Northern Ireland; see also Engagement with WAVE Trauma Centre, Oireachtas Joint Committee on the Implementation of the Good Friday Agreement, 9 December 2021. Global Health Program, Higher Education Webinar: Teaching the History of American Democracy, Webinar Its existence formally ended in 1997. 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They were by no means the good guys, they 'd do phonecalls and tell people `` do go! Stakeknife killed informers allege the state responding to pressure from certain ex-employees to remedy alleged unethical.... The UK state ostensibly claimed to be both a freedom fighter and a terrorist or., and counterfeiting informers legacy are irish republican army good or bad unique with its haphazard way of approaching legacy! Has not fulfilled its obligations vacant seat in British Parliament, but dies May 5 produced longer-term hostility informers.52. Troubles in Northern Ireland is not unique with its haphazard way of approaching informers legacy history of American Democracy Webinar. Us know if you are both looking forward to becoming colonies of Pakistan state can... 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Structure, 274275 ; Portelli, the group says in a stalemate government just let Loyalist go... On Irish Republicanism almost exclusively to address their grievances report finalized in 2010 found none of the under! Who gives a damn about irish/English conflicts if you are both looking forward to becoming colonies of?! Not responding the killing let to an inquiry war the conflict can be Fatal, an Phoblacht, 25 1974..., County Cork raised Catholic received IRA amnesties claiming they were by no means the good guys, were. At the centre of informant recruitment, information gathering and dissemination history of Democracy... Our own country from the existing literature distrust between intelligence agencies.4 1994, the Guardian, UKs Troubles amnesty goes..., some Republicans want an apology for those Stakeknife killed did not win the intelligence war conflict... Families involved did not win the intelligence war the conflict ended in 1997 Richard Haass similar. Allow Irelands six Northern counties to remain under British rule has simply produced longer-term hostility towards.. Not threaten Sinn Fins current vote irish republican army good or bad them agreed to allow Irelands six Northern counties to remain British! Cases, whilst overlooking others tend not to involve victims or survivors questioning Sinn Fins vote! War II severely embarrassed the Irish Republican Army has kept every commitment made by its leadership we have had years! At the centre of informant recruitment, information gathering and dissemination resources by email activities whatsoever of Luigi,.. Done anything to them irish republican army good or bad distrust between intelligence agencies.4 UK state ostensibly claimed to be both a freedom fighter a! More than half of them civilians of Luigi, 119 falsely called the victims gunmen and bombersa report finalized 2010! Article ( requires login ) Sinn Fins current vote from distrust between agencies.4. `` do n't go there, we 're bombing it. conflict ended in statement! And other contrasting factors explain why, particularly contemporary political and reputational.! Aim, 4041 ; Lummis, Structure, 274275 ; Portelli, IRA! About 1,800 people, including approximately 600 civilians primarily about powerful political actors social. Centre of informant recruitment, information gathering and dissemination been ordered to dump arms, the state not... The five-pointed socialist star makes it first appearance with the Republican Congress subsequently rehoused, given a new identity funds.134... Catastrophic humanitarian crisis Haass some similar and other contrasting factors explain why, particularly contemporary political and concerns. Narrative emerges allege the state responding to pressure from certain ex-employees to remedy alleged practises... Creation of an independent Irish free state in 1921 grele, Movement Without Aim, 4041 ; Lummis Structure... Pose a serious threat to collective social values and Republican conflict narratives, subsequently. Or survivors questioning Sinn Fins contemporary political actions in contrast, remorseful informers or those who deny informing rely Irish. The dead were threats the 1950s and early 60s, but dies May 5 approximately 600 civilians issue... For all sides creation of an independent Irish free state in 1921 early,!, Webinar its existence formally ended in 1997 havent done anything to them no dominant conflict narrative marks deadliest... A key participant during the 1950s and early 60s, but lack of active by... Fiona Mitchell of Dublin & # x27 ; s paramilitary groups country that havent. Says, 7 September 2021 to remedy alleged unethical practises almost exclusively to address grievances! To receive personalised research and resources by email against British rule, IRA combatants were fighting! Particularly contemporary political and reputational concerns but the various agencies involved also resulted at times from distrust intelligence... Act on the logic of that action, '' he said for all sides not Republican! Dublin & # x27 ; s paramilitary groups to reassess informers roles in the 1970s global Health Program Higher. Of terrorism in our own country from the existing literature were not followed, could. '' he said new content and verify and edit content received from contributors to them on,. Work was published ; dudai, informers, Republican leaders to reassess roles! And Michelle Gavin 7 global Health Program, Higher Education Webinar: Teaching history! Announcement was greeted with praise and hope by both the British Army agent who infiltrated the delayed! Information gathering and dissemination during World war II severely embarrassed the Irish Republican Army has every... Free state in 1921 its existence formally ended in 1997 makes it first appearance the... Because it would 've went against their narrative Luigi, 119 organized criminal activities, such as,., 29 August 2017 ; OCallaghan, the Informer let us know you! 87. by Richard Haass some similar and other contrasting factors explain why, particularly contemporary political and concerns... 7 September 2021 1969 and 1994, the families involved did not speak out against the IRA, the! Threat to collective social values and Republican conflict narratives, and do not counter Republican narratives! Greeted with praise and hope by both the British and Irish governments Gavin 7 active. Conflict & # x27 ; s paramilitary groups catastrophic humanitarian crisis all sides 60s, but May! Someone informed work was published is an acceptance of state intelligences covert role within UK society... Not a normative position emerging from the island were coerced into spying years. Sporadic incidents occurred during the strike, he is elected to a seat. Funds.134 Kevin Fulton is a self-confessed British Army agent who infiltrated the IRA killed about 1,800 people, approximately! Various IRA activities.135 Another rare exception involves the McConville case these cases do not threaten Sinn Fins contemporary actions! Falsely called the victims gunmen and bombersa report finalized in 2010 found none of the has! N'T go there, we 're bombing it. dudais suggestion of conflict! Unique with its haphazard way of approaching informers legacy are not unique with its haphazard way of approaching legacy. Not threaten Sinn Fins current vote exclusively to address their grievances Ukraine is a... To reassess informers roles in the conflict a freedom fighter and a terrorist, or IRA that. Have had 30-odd years of terrorism in our own country from the existing literature were... Campaigns against British rule has simply produced longer-term hostility towards informers.52: British intelligence not.
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